HPV Vaccination

What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of over 150 related viruses, with around 40 types that can infect the human genital area. Some high-risk types of HPV can cause precancerous lesions in the cervix, vagina, vulva, and anus, which may eventually develop into cancer.

  • Diseases in females：Genital warts, cervical cancer, anal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer

  • Diseases in males：Genital warts, anal cancer

What is the HPV Vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is a preventive vaccine that effectively protects against cervical cancer and other diseases caused by HPV infection. It does not treat existing infections or diseases. The vaccine works by preventing HPV infection, thereby reducing the risk of cervical and other related cancers. In Hong Kong, about 90% of cervical cancer cases are linked to infection with HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. The 9-valent HPV vaccine covers these seven high-risk types, offering broader protection.

Recommended Age for HPV Vaccination

The best time to receive the HPV vaccine is before becoming sexually active, ideally during adolescence, to ensure maximum protection. However, adults can still benefit from vaccination, as it reduces the risk of infection and related cancers.

Although recent HPV vaccines can prevent about 60%–90% of HPV infections, they do not cover all types. Therefore, regular cervical screening (Pap smears) remains essential.

Pap smears help detect precancerous changes or cervical cancer at an early stage. Regular screening can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by approximately 60%–90%. It’s important to note that an abnormal Pap result does not necessarily mean cancer—it indicates the need for further tests, such as colposcopy or cervical biopsy, to determine the severity of the abnormality.

Recommended Dosage by Age

Age 9–14：

  • Recommended to receive 2 doses
    (1st dose at month 0 → 2nd dose 6–12 months later)

  • Best protection is achieved when completed before puberty.

Age 15 and above：

  • Recommended to receive 3 doses
    (1st dose at month 0 → 2nd dose at month 2 → 3rd dose at month 6)

  • Due to a weaker immune response, an extra dose ensures adequate protection.

Individuals with weakened immune systems (e.g., those with chronic illnesses)：

  • Recommended to receive 3 doses, regardless of age.